Efectos de la proteína whey, leucina y entrenamiento de fuerza en la composición corporal / Effects of whey protein, leucine and resistance training on body composition

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los deportistas y las personas activas que entrenan la fuerza para lograr un aumento de su masa muscular tienen requerimientos calóricos y proteicos aumentados, por esta razón emplean diversas estrategias como la suplementación con proteína whey aislada y aminoácidos aislados como la leucina después del entrenamiento sustentados en la premisa de que promueven el incremento en la síntesis de proteínas musculares, y por ende un aumento de la masa magra. OBJETIVO: Comparar cambios de la composición corporal aplicando el método de Absorciometría Dual de Rayos X (DEXA) en personas físicamente activas expuestas a un programa de entrenamiento de la fuerza con la suplementación de proteína whey aislada y/o leucina durante 12 semanas. METODOLOGÍA: estudio aleatorizado prospectivo longitudinal en un grupo de 10 varones físicamente activos, los cuales fueron asignados al azar en 3 grupos de suplementación con proteína whey aislada, leucina o la mezcla de ambas bajo el mismo protocolo de entrenamiento de la fuerza. Se evaluó la composición corporal en 3 momentos: semana 0, semana 6 y semana 12 de la intervención. RESULTADOS: En las condiciones evaluadas no se observaron cambios estadísticamente significativos de las variables de composición corporal y fuerza en los diferentes protocolos de suplementación: leucina, proteína whey aislada con leucina y proteína whey aislada. CONCLUSIONES: Se observaron resultados superiores de la masa magra y la fuerza en el grupo de la suplementación de proteína whey aislada con leucina con respecto a los demás grupos, cabe aclarar que por el tamaño de muestra no alcanzó a ser estadísticamente significativo.

INTRODUCTION: Athletes and active people who work hard to increase their muscle mass have increased caloric and protein requirements. For this reason, they use different strategies such as whey protein isolate supplementation and/or branched-chain amino acids after sustained training on the premise that they promote an increase in muscle protein synthesis, and therefore an increase in lean mass. OBJECTIVE: To compare body composition changes in physically active people exposed to a strength training program withwhey protein isolate and/or leucine supplementation for 12 weeks. METHODS: Longitudinal prospective randomized study in a group of 10 physically active males, which were randomly assigned to 3 supplementation groups with whey protein isolate, leucine, or a mixture of both, under the same strength training protocol. Body composition was evaluated in 3 moments: week 0, week 6 and week 12 of the intervention. RESULTS: In the evaluated conditions, no statistically significant changes were observed in the variables of body composition and strength based on the different supplementation protocols: Leucine, protein with leucine and protein. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the other groups, higher results were observed in lean mass and strength in group using the whey protein isolate supplementation with leucine. It should be noted that due to the size of the sample, the difference was not statistically significant.

Indicadores antropométricos y patrones alimentarios en estudiantes universitarios / Anthropometric indicators and eating patterns in university students

OBJETIVO: Algunas investigaciones realizadas en comunidades universitarias alrededor del mundo, muestran como durante esta etapa se presentan cambios significativos frente a los estilos y dinámicas de vida los estudiantes. En este estudio se identificaron indicadores antropométricos y patrones alimentarios que caracterizan a los estudiantes universitarios de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y los Alimentos de la Universidad CES (Colombia) en el período 2018 y 2019. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional y descriptivo, con datos provenientes de fuentes de información secundarias donde reposaba la información de los indicadores antropométricos y patrones alimentarios de los estudiantes durante el periodo en mención, las cuales fueron revisadas el primer semestre del año 2022. RESULTADOS: Tomando en cuenta el indicador de índice de masas corporal (IMC) de los evaluados, el 2,7% presento obesidad, el 18,3% sobrepeso, el 72,3 % adecuación, el 6,2 % bajo peso y un 0,4% bajo peso severo. Se encontró que los alimentos de mayor consumo diario fueron cereales refinados, raíces, plátanos y tubérculos, verduras, lácteos reducidos en grasa, carnes magras, huevos, grasas de origen vegetal y azúcares. Respecto a los alimentos con mayor consumo ocasional o sin consumo, se encuentran los cereales integrales, lácteos enteros, carnes altas en grasas, grasa de origen animal y claras de huevo. CONCLUSIONES: resultados develan que la mayor parte de los investigados reflejo un IMC normal y un menor porcentaje evidencian problemas asociados con la malnutrición, un 6,6 % presentó déficit de peso, mientras que un 21,0% presento exceso de peso, a la par se observan patrones alimentarios protectores como un elevado porcentaje de consumo diario de frutas, verduras, carnes magras, grasas de origen vegetal y consumo ocasional o no consumo de lácteos enteros, carnes altas en grasa y grasa de origen animal.

OBJECTIVE: Some investigations carried out in university communities around the world show how during this stage significant changes are presented regarding the styles and dynamics of life of the students. In this study, anthropometric indicators and eating patterns that characterize university students of the Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences of the CES University in the period 2018 and 2019 were identified. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective, observational and descriptive study, with data from secondary information sources where the information on the anthropometric indicators and eating patterns of the students rested during the period in question, which were reviewed the first semester of 2022. RESULTS: Taking into account the mass index indicator (BMI) of those evaluated, 2,7% present obesity, 18,3% overweight, 72,3% adequacy, 6,2% underweight and 0,4% severe underweight. It was found that the foods with the highest daily consumption were refined cereals, roots, bananas and tubers, vegetables, reduced-fat dairy products, lean meats, eggs, fats of vegetable origin, and sugars. Regarding foods with greater occasional consumption or without consumption, there are whole grains, whole milk products, high-fat meats, fat of animal origin and egg whites. CONCLUSIONS: the results reveal that the majority of those investigated reflect a normal BMI and a lower percentage show problems associated with malnutrition, 6.6% presented weight deficit, while 21,0% presented excess weight, at the same time they are observed protective food patterns such as a high percentage of daily consumption of fruits, vegetables, lean meats, fats of vegetable origin and occasional consumption or non-consumption of full-fat dairy products, meats high in fat and fat of animal origin.

Development and Validation of a Novel Waist Girth-Based Equation to Estimate Fat Mass in Young Colombian Elite Athletes (F20CA Equation): A STROSA-Based Study.

The estimation of body fat percentage (%BF) from anthropometry-related data requires population-specific equations to avoid incorrect interpretations in young athletes. Waist girth (WG) has been described as potential predictor of fat mass (FM) in several populations; however, there are no valid WG-based equations to estimate body composition in young Colombian athletes. The aim of this STandardisierte BerichtsROutine für Sekundärdaten Analysen STROSA-based study was twofold: i) to validate the relative fat mass (RFM) and its pediatric version (RFMp) compared to dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and ii) to develop a new equation (F20CA) to estimate the fat mass in Colombian children and adolescent elite athletes. A total of 114 young athletes that belong to the 'Team Medellín' program (58F, 56M; 51 children, 63 adolescents; 14.85 [2.38] years; 55.09 [12.16] kg; 162.38 [11.53] cm) participated in this cross-sectional study. The statistical analysis revealed a poor correlation, agreement and concordance of RFMp and RFM estimations with DXA measurements. After model specification using both Ordinary Least Square method and Bayesian analysis, the regression output revealed that sex, body mass-to-waist ratio, and waist-to-stature ratio were the statistically significant predictor variables that account for variability in FM. The new F20CA equation is expressed as FM (kg) = 5.46 ∗ (Sex) + 0.21 ∗ (BM/W [kg/m]) + 81.7 ∗ (W/Stature [cm/cm]) - 41.8 (R2 = 0.683; SEE = 2.468 kg), where sex is 0 for males and 1 for females. A moderate-to-high correlation and agreement of the F20CA was confirmed within the internal validation data set (R2 = 0.689; ICC [95%CI] = 0.805 [0.615, 0.904]; RMSE = 2.613 kg). The Bland-Altman analysis corroborated the high concordance between the reference method (DXA) and the F20CA-estimated FM (bias [95% LoA] = 1.02 [-3.77, 5.81] kg), indicating the two methods could be considered interchangeable. Even though external validation is needed, practitioners are advised to use the F20CA in young Colombian athletes with similar characteristics to those who participated in this study.

Development and Validation of Waist Girth-Based Equations to Evaluate Body Composition in Colombian Adults: Rationale and STROBE-Nut-Based Protocol of the F20 Project.

Waist girth (WG) represents a quick, simple, and inexpensive tool that correlates with excess of fat mass in humans; however, this measurement does not provide information on body composition. The evaluation of body composition is one of the main components in the assessment of nutritional status. Indeed, the use of anthropometry-based equations to estimate body fat and fat-free mass is a frequent strategy. Considering the lack of validation in the Colombian population, the aim of this research study (the F20 Project) is to externally validate WG-based equations (e.g., relative fat mass), and also to develop and validate new models that include WG to estimate body composition in Colombian adults compared to DXA. This cross-sectional study will be carried out following the guidelines for Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology-Nutritional Epidemiology (STROBE-nut). Using stratified probabilistic sampling, the study population will be adults with different levels of physical activity residing in Medellín and its metropolitan area. The results of this study will not only validate the estimation performance of the current WG-based equations, but they will also develop new equations to estimate body composition in the Colombian population. This will improve professional practice in health, exercise, and sports sciences (ClinicalTrials.gov ID #NCT05450588).

Correlación del índice de masa corporal con diferentes indicadores antropométricos en estudiantes de una Universidad privada en Medellín, Colombia, periodo 2016-2018 / Correlation of the body mass index and other anthropometric indicators in students of a private University in Medellín, Colombia, period 2016-2018

El estado nutricional es el reflejo de las condiciones de salud de la población y requiere de indicadores objetivos de diagnóstico que mejor expliquen su comportamiento. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar los indicadores antropométricos que mejor correlación tienen con el Índice de Masa Corporal en estudiantes de una Universidad Privada. Para ello se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte transversal, en el que se incluyeron a 215 estudiantes que ingresaron al programa de Nutrición y Dietética de una universidad privada de la ciudad de Medellín-Colombia, entre los años 2016 y 2018. Se tomaron 46 mediciones antropométricas siguiendo los parámetros establecidos por la Sociedad Internacional para el desarrollo de la Kineantropometría. El procesamiento de la información se realizó con el Software estadístico R 3.6.2 aplicando técnicas de la estadística descriptiva básica e inferencial mediante el cálculo de estadísticos descriptivos de tendencia central y dispersión y un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple respectivamente. Los resultados de este estudio indican que circunferencias corporales como pierna máxima, cintura mínima, muslo medio y abdomen máximo son medidas que presenta una correlación positiva con respecto al Índice de Masa Corporal, esto permite inferir que estas mediciones pueden ser utilizadas como método de valoración del estado nutricional en población joven cuando la evaluación antropométrica tradicional se encuentra limitada.

Nutritional status is a reflection of the health conditions of the population and requires objective diagnostic indicators that best explain their behavior. This study aimed to evaluate the anthropometric indicators that have the best correlation with the Body Mass Index in students of a Private University. To this end, a quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, which included 215 students who entered the Nutrition and Dietetics program of a private university in the city of Medellin-Colombia, between 2016 and 2018. 46 anthropometric measurements were taken according to the parameters established by the International Society for the Development of Kineantropometry. The processing of the information was carried out with statistical software R 3.6.2 applying techniques of basic and inferential descriptive statistics by calculating descriptive statistics of central trend and dispersion and a multiple linear regression model respectively. The results of this study indicate that body circumferences such as upper leg, lower waist, mid thigh and upper abdomen are measurements that have a positive correlation with respect to body mass index. Therefore these measurements can be used as a method of assessing nutritional status in young population when traditional anthropometric evaluation is limited.